"... high bold Shore on the Starboard Side ..." [Clark, April 2, 1806]

"... S. 30° E 2 miles to a bend under the high lands on the Stard Side ..." [Clark, April 2, 1806]

"Oregon Geographic Names" (2003, McArthur and McArthur) says:

"Tualatin is probably an Indian word meaning lazy or sluggish, this being the character of the river's flow. Other meanings are "land without trees", signifying the plains of Tualatin, and "forks" or "forked" for the numerous upper tributaries, including Gales and Dairy creeks."

• Cornelius Pass ...
• Council Crest ...
• Logie Trail ...
• Morgan Road and Rainbow Lake ...
• Tualatin Basin, Plains, River, and Valley ...

In the 1800s pioneer and statesman Thomas R. Cornelius built Cornelius Pass. Thomas Cornelius arrived in Oregon with his family and settled in Washington County, Oregon, in 1845. He fought in both the Cayuse War and the 1855 Yakima Indian War.

In 1850/1851 Cornelius Pass was considered for a railroad passage from St. Helens, Oregon, across Cornelius Pass and heading south to the Willamette Valley. The plan failed.

"The first Oregon proposition for a railroad in Oregon was made by H.M. Knighton, the original owner of the townsite of St. Helens. Mr. Knighton proposed to make good the claim of his town to the seaport head of navigation on the Columbia river by building a railroad in 1851 from St. Helens through the Cornelius pass and across Washington county to the city of Lafayette, that town being at that time the big town of the Willamette valley." [Joseph Gaston, 1912, "The Centennial History of Oregon, 1811-1912, vol.1", S.J. Clarke Publishing Company]

"H.M. Knighton, owner of the original townsite at St. Helens, Oregon, proposed in 1850 to build a railroad from that town, then a serious competitor of Portland for supremacy as the metropolis at the head of river navigation, the route of which railroad was to follow through the Cornelius Pass and across Washington County to Lafayette." [Chards Henry Carey, 1922, "History of Oregon, vol.1", Pioneer Historical Publishing Company]

According to "Oregon Geographic Names" (McArthur and McArthur, 2003):

"Logie Trail Road (Multnomah County) ... James Logie was one of the earliest settlers on Sauvie Island. He was a Hudson's Bay Company employee and was sent to the island about 1840 to take charge of butter-making in one of the company's dairies. He worked on the old Indian trail over the hills into the Tualatin Valley and made a better route out of it. It was named for him on that account. James Logie was born in the Orkney Islands. He died March 24, 1854, and his widow, Isabella, also from the Orkneys, married Jonathan Moar. ... Much of the original trail is now the route of Johnson Road."

Today's Logie Trail connects Oregon's Highway 30 with Portland's Skyline Boulevard. The eastern end of the Trail begins at Multnomah Channel "River Mile" 17. It runs along the southern side of Rainbow Lake while Morgan Road runs along the northern side of Rainbow Lake.

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The Tualatin River is a tributary to the Willamette River, and merges into the Willamette at Willamette River Mile (RM) 28.5. The river heads in the Coast Range, is approximately 83 miles long, and drains the fertile Tualatin Plains. The U.S. Board of Geographic Names made the name "Tualatin River" official in 1913, with variants at the time being "Tualitin River" and "Tualtin River".

The name Tualatin is from Atfalati (rhymes with "quality"), the name of the Native American Kalapuyan tribe which once occupied the Tualatin River valley. Early settlers shorten the name to "Tualati" or "Tualatin".

"The Atfalati band of the Kalapuya Indians, who settled in the basin of the Tualatin Valley some 10,000 years ago, where the first peoples to call Washington County home. ... After the first settlers arrived in the early 1800s, smallpox decimated the native people. In 1855, when the Kalapuya and other Northwest tribes ceded their land to the United States government in exchange for other services like education, protection and social services, it is estimated that there were only 600 Kalapuya still living. With the Kalapuyans, more than 25 other tribes were moved to the Grand Ronde Indian reservation in 1856, and the collected tribes became known as the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde. However, after the U.S. Government passed the Western Oregon Indian Termination Act in 1954, the reservation and status of the confederation were terminated. The tribe existed as a non-recognized government entity until Congress passed the Grand Ronde Restoration Act in 1983, a piece of legislation aided by former Oregon Congresswoman Elizabeth Furse. ... David Lewis, cultural liaison for the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde, said that after 130 years of the various tribes being united as the Confederted Tribes of Grand Ronde, it's nearly impossible to separate the tribes. Many of the peoples' ancentry are compoosed of multiple groups. ..." Source:    Taylor Smith, 2013, "Kalapuya tribes remembered, honored in Washington County Museum's mobile exhibit", "OregonLive.com", August 2013.

According to "Oregon Geographic Names" (McArthur and McArthur, 2003):

"Tualatin River (Clackamas and Washington Counties) ... Tualatin is probably an Indian word meaning lazy or sluggish, this being the character of the river's flow. Other meanings are "land without trees", signifying the plains of Tualatin, and "forks" or "forked" for the numerous upper tributaries, including Gales and Dairy creeks. The "treeless plains" was vouched for by Tolbert Carter, pioneer of 1846, whose home was near Wells, Benton County, to Geo. H. Himes. Tualatin was Twha-la-ti, according to Silas B. Smith, and John Work gave Faladin in 1834. The name has had many variations, among them Twality, Quality, Falatine, and Nefalatine. There is a town named Tualatin in Washington County. The settlements near what are now known as Hillsboro and Forest Grove were in pioneer days called East and West Tualatin precincts. One of the original districts or counties in Oregon was called Twality. The spelling Tuality was also used officially."

In 1848, Lieutenant Neil M. Howison of the U.S. Navy wrote about his 1846 examination of Oregon.

"On the 26th [July 26, 1846], I dropped down to the mouth of the Wilhammette, six miles below Vancouver, and made an effort to get the schooner over the bar at the mouth of the river, with the view of ascending it as far as navigable for sea-going vessels ... Finding it impossible to get the schooner into the Wilhammette river, I left her at Vancouver, and made a visit to Oregon city ... From the city the governor accompanied me for a week's ride through the Wilhammette valley, and a more lovely country nature has never provided for her virtuous sons and daughters than I here travelled over. ... In person I visited the Twality plains, and returned again by the city and river."

"I saw personally but little of Oregon, but that comprised its most interesting parts, viz: all settled spots on the Columbia below the Cascades, the Wilhammette valley for sixty miles above Oregon city, and the Twality and Clatsop plains."

"Leaving Astoria, we ascended the Columbia eighty miles, and there entering the Wilhammette, find, three miles within its mouth, the city of Linton, on its left or western shore. This site was selected by a copartnership of gentlemen as the most natural depot for the produce of the well settled Twality plains, and a road was opened over the ridge of hills intervening between the plains and the river. It contains only a few log-houses, which are over-shadowed by huge fir trees that it has not yet been convenient to remove. ... Eight or nine miles above Linton, on the same side of the Wilhammette, we come to a more promising appearance of a town. It has been named Portland by the individual under whose auspices it has come into existence, and mainly to whose efforts its growth and increase are to be ascribed. This is Mr. F.W. Pettygrove, from Maine, who came out here some years back as agent for the mercantile house of the Messrs. Benson, of New York. ... He selected Portland as the site of a town accessible to shipping, built houses, and established himself there; invited others to settle around him, and appropriated his little capital to opening wagon roads (aided by neighboring farmers) into the Twality plains, and up the east side of the river to the falls where the city of Oregon stands."