Lewis and Clark's Columbia River
Lewis & Clark's Columbia River - "200 Years Later"
"Shillapoo Lake and Shillapoo Wildlife Area, Washington"
Includes ... Shillapoo Lake ... Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Refuge ... LaFrambois Road ... Lower River Road ... "Shallopoo Lake" ... "Shallowpool Lake" ... "Salmon Lake" ...
Image, 2008, Shillapoo Lake, click to enlarge
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Shillapoo Lake, as seen from the east, Vancouver, Washington. Image taken December 16, 2008.


Shillapoo Lake ...
Shillapoo Lake is located on the Washington side of the Columbia River, within the Vancouver Lake Lowlands. To the north lies Post Office Lake and Green Lake, while further north is Campbell Lake and the Ridgeport Dairy Unit of the Ridgeport National Wildlife Refuge. To the east lies Lake River and to the southeast lies Vancouver Lake, with Buckmire Slough separating the two. On the west lies Caterpillar Island and the Columbia River. Shillapoo Lake was once a shallow 1,000-acre lake which was drained in the 1950s for farming. Today Shillapoo Lake is a part of the Shillapoo Wildlife Area, with sections being redeveloped as a lake.

Lower Plain ("Vancouver Lake Lowlands") ...
In the early 1800s the Hudson's Bay Company called the area of Vancouver Lake and Shillapoo Lake the "Lower Plain". Today "birders" and others refer to this area as the "Vancouver Lake Lowlands".
[More]

Early Shillapoo Lake ...
Historicans say that early pioneers adopted the Indian name for the lake. Early names for the lake were "Chalifoux Lake", "Shallapoo Lake", "Shillapoo Lake", and "Shallowpool Lake". According to the U.S. Board of Geographic Names database Shillapoo Lake was once also called "Salmon Lake".

From the Fort Vancouver Cultural Landscape Report (1992):

1829-1846: ... "Lower Plain, west and northwest of Fort Plain, was an immense open plain, roughly triangular in shape, bounded on the east by the finger of forest separating it from Fort Plain; the forest extended to the northern edge of the plain. In the north of the plain was "Big Lake," (now Vancouver Lake) a somewhat circular lake, approximately two miles in diameter at that time, from which the "Lake River" sprang, forming the northwest boundary of the plain as it ran to the Columbia River, which formed the south and southwest edge of the plain. A finger of the lake extended south (it shows southeast on the 1844 map), forming a narrow strip of open meadow to the east of it, between one-half and three-quarters of a mile in width, in which fenced fields were laid out, certainly by the mid 1830s. Throughout most of this period, cattle, horses and sheep were pastured in the unfenced open plain, which stretched in a narrow band between river and forest for miles down river to the junction with the Lewis River. There were two more lakes on the plain: Chalifoux Lake, and another, smaller lake to the north of it. In the southeast corner, a dairy, with enclosures and structures, and a piggery with enclosures and structures, and several cultivated fields along the river were located."

1847-1860: ... "Upper Mill Road continued east from the Catholic mission on much the same route established earlier, into the rising ground of Fort Hill and from there on to Mill Plain. Connecting roads from there to the mills and the Back Plains appear to have followed the Hudson's Bay Company routes. To the west, the road ran through the north end of Vancouver City, skirted the forested area--now mostly denuded of trees--which had separated Fort Plain from Lower Plain, and dipped down to the river edge, skirting the south edge of Amos Short's fields. From there it headed north, splitting in two branches, one of which followed the earlier Hudson's Bay Company's road to the West Plain farm area, now in possession of settlers, and the second of which headed in a northwesterly direction, skirting the northern edges of the string of claims along the river in the direction of Chalifoux Lake."

The 1860, 1862, and 1863 Washington Territory cadastral surveys (tax survey) for T2N R1W and T3N R1W show the lake as "Shallapoo Lake".

An 1888 U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey chart "Columbia River Sheet No.6, Fales Landing to Portland" lists the lake as "Shallowpool Lake".

An 1888 plat map of Clark County (courtesy "Rootsweb.com") shows the lake as "Shillapoo Lake".

The 1896 U.S. Geological Survey's 1/62,500 Topographic Map "Portland Quadrangle" (surveyed in 1896, culture revised in 1905) shows the lake as "Shillapoo Lake".

In 1897 the U.S. Board of Geographic Names made official "Shillapoo Lake".


Early Maps ...

Image, 1888, Map detail, Shillapoo Lake,  click to enlarge
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1888 map detail, "Columbia River, Fales Landing to Portland, Sheet #6", showing today's Caterpillar Island and Shillapoo Lake. Chart 6145. Original map courtesly U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 2006.

"Marquam's Lake" is now farmland on Sauvie Island, the "Upper Willow Bar" is the stretch between today's Frenchman's Bar Park and Caterpillar Island, and "Shallowpool Lake" is today's Shillapoo Lake.
Image, 1888, Map detail, Shillapoo Lake and Vancouver Lake,  click to enlarge
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1888 map detail, "Clarke County of Washington Territory" showing Shillapoo Lake, Vancouver Lake, and surrounding Donation Land Claims. Map by R.A. Habersham. Original map courtesy U.S. Library of Congress, 2017.
Image, 1897, topographic map, Shillapoo Lake and Vancouver Lake,  click to enlarge
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1897 Topographic Map detail showing Shillapoo Lake, Buckmire Slough, and Vancouver Lake. U.S. Geological Survey's "Portland Quadrangle", 1:62,000 scale, original courtesy Perry-Castaneda Library, University of Texas Libraries, 2018.


Shillapoo Wildlife Area ...
Shillapoo Wildlife Area (2008) is a 2,371-acre habitat is located on the floodplain of the Columbia River in Clark County, southwest Washington. The Wildlife Area was established in 1952 with the purchase of 277 acres between Shillapoo Lake and the Columbia River. The Shillapoo Wildlife Area is divided into two "Units"; a 1,012-acre "South Unit" which includes one of the largest Great Blue Heron rookeries along the Columbia River, and a 882-acre "North Unit" which includes the northern and eastern portions of the drained Shillapoo lakebed and approximately 1.5 miles of shoreline on Lake River. There is also a third 477-acre "Vancouver Lake Unit" bordering the south side of Vancouver Lake. The Wildlife Area is managed by the Washington State Department of Fish & Wildlife. (See more below).

Views ...

Image, 2016, Scenic, Shillapoo Lake, Vancouver, Washington, click to enlarge
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Shillapoo Lake, Vancouver, Washington. Image taken January 28, 2016.
Image, 2008, Scenic, Shillapoo Lake, Vancouver, Washington, click to enlarge
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Scenic, Shillapoo Lake, Vancouver, Washington. Image taken December 16, 2008.
Image, 2016, Scenic, Shillapoo Lake, Vancouver, Washington, click to enlarge
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Shillapoo Lake, Vancouver, Washington. Image taken January 28, 2016.
Image, 2018, Vancouver Lake Lowlands, click to enlarge
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Shillapoo Lake, Vancouver Lake Lowlands, Vancouver, Washington. Image taken January 4, 2018.
Image, 2008, Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Area, click to enlarge
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Shillapoo Wildlife Area, Vancouver, Washington. Image taken October 11, 2008.
Image, 2011, Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Area, click to enlarge
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Rainbow, Shillapoo Wildlife Area, Vancouver, Washington. Image taken January 8, 2011.


Shillapoo Lake, etc.

  • Shillapoo Wildlife Area, North Unit ...
  • Shillapoo Wildlife Area, South Unit ...
  • Shillapoo Wildlife Area, Vancouver Lake Unit ...
  • Birds ...
  • Swainson's Hawk ...
  • Upland Birds ...
  • Game Laws, 1915 ...
  • LaFrambois Road ...
  • Snowy Fields 2008 ...
  • Volcanoes ...


Shillapoo Wildlife Area, North Unit ...
North Unit, 882 acres (2003):

"This unit is located within the northern and central portions of the drained Shillapoo Lake, with the exception of a small separate parcel along Lake River. The majority of the lake basin within this unit is used for agriculture."


Source:    Jason P. Kunz and Dave Caudill, June 2003, "Shillapoo Wildlife Area and Mt. St. Helens Wildlife Area Fish Passage and Diversion Screening Prioritization Inventory", Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.



Shillapoo Wildlife Area, South Unit ...
South Unit, 1,012 acres (2003):

"This unit includes properties that historically were used for dairy production. A large great blue heron rookery with well over 100 active nests is located on this unit. In the past, management activities on this unit have varied between waterfowl and upland bird hunting. Since the early 90s management has focused on providing goose wintering habitat. The release of pheasants still occurs and waterfowl use increases substantially during late winter and early spring.

This unit encompasses a diverse mixture of agricultural, pasture, wetland and riparian habitat. The southern portion of the drained lakebed and associated drainage ditches are loated on this unit. Several bodies of water lie south and west of historic Shillapoo Lake. The named bodies of water include Matthews Slough, Buckmire Slough, Hart Lake, Bass Lake, and Pencil Lake. Only Buckmire and Matthews Sloughs, which are connected to Lake River, have the potential to support salmonids. Through the use of aerial photos and topographic maps it has been determined that the non-fish bearing bodies of water are remnant flood plain features that have become hydraulically isolated."


Source:    Jason P. Kunz and Dave Caudill, June 2003, "Shillapoo Wildlife Area and Mt. St. Helens Wildlife Area Fish Passage and Diversion Screening Prioritization Inventory", Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.



Shillapoo Wildlife Area, Vancouver Lake Unit ...
Vancouver Lake Unit, 477 acres (2003):

"This unit is located at the south end of Vancouver Lake and includes a large portion of the shouthern shoreline. Also, "approximately half of this unit consists of willowdominated, forested wetland in the Mulligan Slough area. The Mulligan Slough area is unique as it represents one of the largest non-diked flood plain areas in the Vancouver Lowlands. ...."


Source:    Jason P. Kunz and Dave Caudill, June 2003, "Shillapoo Wildlife Area and Mt. St. Helens Wildlife Area Fish Passage and Diversion Screening Prioritization Inventory", Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.



Birds ...

Image, 2008, Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Area, click to enlarge
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Northern Flicker. View from Shillapoo Wildlife Area. Image taken October 11, 2008.
Image, 2008, Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Area, click to enlarge
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House Finch, male. View from Shillapoo Wildlife Area. Image taken November 26, 2008.
Image, 2008, Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Area, click to enlarge
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Greater Yellowlegs. Vancouver Lake, view from Shillapoo Wildlife Area. Image taken October 11, 2008.


Swainson's Hawk ...
An unusual hawk to see in Southwestern Washington, especially during the winter !!!.

Image, 2008, Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Area, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
Swainson's Hawk. View from Shillapoo Wildlife Area. An unusual hawk to find in western Washington, and ESPECIALLY in December. Image taken December 6, 2008.
Image, 2008, Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Area, click to enlarge
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Swainson's Hawk. View from Shillapoo Wildlife Area. An unusual hawk to find in western Washington, and ESPECIALLY in December. Image taken December 11, 2008.


Upland Birds ...
During the fall, areas of the Shillapoo Wildlife Area are stocked with pheasant and open to hunting.

Image, 2014, Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Area, click to enlarge
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Ring-necked Pheasant. View from Shillapoo Wildlife Area. Image taken September 7, 2014.
Image, 2008, Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Area, click to enlarge
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Ring-necked Pheasant, male. View from Shillapoo Wildlife Area. Image taken December 6, 2008.
Image, 2007, Shillapoo Upland Bird area, click to enlarge
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Shillapoo Upland Bird area. Image taken September 22, 2007.
Image, 2008, Shillapoo Upland Bird area, click to enlarge
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Heading back to the car after a long days hunt. Shillapoo Upland Bird area. Image taken October 11, 2008.


Game Laws, 1915 ...
GAME LAWS TO BE ENFORCED
Only 3 Waters Now Open in Clarke County and These Are Limited.

RIDGEFIELD, Wash., March 13. -- (Special.) -- County Game Warden Hoff was recently here and throughout the surrounding country, going over the creeks and inspecting game and fishing conditions and looking for trespassers. Mr. Hoff said that all the game and fishing laws would be strictly enforced and those found hunting or fishing without licenses or in violation of the closed season or other statutes would be arrested. Fishing is now prohibited in all waters of Clarke County except Shillapoo Lake, Buskmire's Slough and Lake River, and in these waters anglers may catch only croppies, bass and catfish. These waters will be closed to all fishing during April, and May 1 the regular fishing season will open for trout and other fish."


Source:    "Sunday Oregonian", March 14, 1915, courtesy Historic Oregon Newspapers Archives, University of Oregon Libraries, 2018.



LaFrambois Road ...
LaFrambois Road runs through the Shillapoo Wildlife Area's "Vancouver Lake Unit" and offers access to a boat ramp on the south end of Vancouver Lake. LaFrambois Road was named after Francis LaFrambois who had a Donation Land Claim (DLC) to the area.

The U.S. Bureau of Land Management's General Land Office (GLO) Records database (2019) shows Francis LaFrambois and the Heirs of Margaret LaFrambois being granted title to 544.17 acres of T2N R1E, parts of Sections 7, 8, 16, 17, 18, 20, and 21, on December 22, 1865 (1850 Oregon-Donation Act).



Snowy Fields 2008 ...

Image, 2009, Vancouver Lake Lowlands, click to enlarge
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Vancouver Lake Lowlands. Image taken January 2, 2009.
Image, 2009, Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Area, click to enlarge
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Shillapoo Wildlife Area. Image taken January 2, 2009.
Image, 2009, Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Area, click to enlarge
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Duck/Goose hunter in cornfield, Shillapoo Wildlife Area. Image taken January 2, 2009.


Volcanoes ...

Image, 2003, Mount St. Helens, Washington, from Shillapoo Lake wildlife area, click to enlarge
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Looking across Shillapoo Wildlife Area towards Mount St. Helens, Washington. Image taken, July 4, 2003.
Image, 2003, Mount Hood and the Shillapoo Lake wildlife area, click to enlarge
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Looking across Shillapoo Wildlife Area towards Mount Hood, Oregon. View from Post Office Lake area, Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge. Image taken, July 2, 2003.
Image, 2005, Mount Hood from Post Office Lake area, click to enlarge
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Mount Hood, Oregon. View from Post Office Lake area, looking across Shillapoo Lake Wildlife Refuge. Image taken January 30, 2005.


From the Journals of Lewis and Clark ...

Clark, March 30, 1806 ...




Vancouver PlainsReturn to
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*River Miles [RM] are approximate, in statute miles, and were determined from USGS topo maps, obtained from NOAA nautical charts, or obtained from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers website, 2003

Sources:
  • Fort Vancouver National Historic Site Cultural Landscape Report, 1992;
  • Historic Oregon Newspapers Archives, University of Oregon Libraries, 2018;
  • Hitchman, R., 1985, "Place Names of Washington", Washington State Historical Society;
  • NOAA Office of Coast Survey website, 2005;
  • U.S. Bureau of Land Management's General Land Office (GLO) Records database, 2005, 2007, 2019;
  • U.S. Geological Survey's Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) database, 2006;
  • Washington State Department of Fish & Wildlife website, 2008;


All Lewis and Clark quotations from Gary Moulton editions of the Lewis and Clark Journals, University of Nebraska Press, all attempts have been made to type the quotations exactly as in the Moulton editions, however typing errors introduced by this web author cannot be ruled out; location interpretation from variety of sources, including this website author.
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June 2017