Lewis and Clark's Columbia River
Lewis & Clark's Columbia River - "200 Years Later"
"Miller Sands, Washington"
Includes ... Miller Sands ... Miller's Sands ... Horse Seining ...
Image, 2013, Miller Sands, Washington, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
Miller Sands (brushy area in distance) as seen from west of Altoona, Washington. Image taken October 15, 2013.


Miller Sands ...
Miller Sands is a shallows in the Columbia River located on the Oregon side of the Columbia River, upstream from Astoria, Oregon and offshore from Svenson Island. Altoona, Washington is to the north. In the early 1890s Miller Sands provided good salmon seining grounds. William Hume, long-time fish entepreneur opened a fish-receiving station.

Early Miller Sands ...
The U.S. Geological Survey's Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) database says the Miller Sands were once called the "Snag Island SPit", and appears as such in 1949.

The 1948 NOAA Chart #6152, "Columbia River, Harrington Point to Crims Island", however shows both the "Miller Sands" with a "Snag Island Jetty" to the south.

The 1955 U.S. Geological Survey's "Svensen Quadrangle" (1:62,500) shows "Miller Sands" being just north of the "Snag Islands" and the "Snag Island Jetty".

In 1959 the U.S. Board of Geographic Names made "Miller Sands" the official name.


In 1892 ...

"The principal value of the tide lands on the Columbia river lies in their desirability as seining grounds for taking the Columbia river or Chinook salmon. Formerly most of the fishing was by the gillnet method, the fishermen going out in their boats to a favorable place in the river, then putting out their nets, and making what is called a drift, that is floating or drifting with the current for a certain distance, but of late years, taking the salmon with seines has been found to be very profitable and tide lands where favorably situated are in demand for this purpose.

In 1888 I surveyed a tract of tide land in this county on the upper end of what is known as Wallace's island, lying in the Columbia river, for F.M. Warren, one of the cannery men of the river. The greater part of this land had been formed during the June freshets of a few years previous. The state board executed a deed to him for the land; the next spring he put his seines to work on it, and his profits that year from the salmon caught were $20,000.

Farther down the river are what are known as the "Tenesillahee" sands, about three miles in length and about 350 to 400 feet in width, owned by Fitzpatrick. Six years ago his seines gathered in 240 tons of salmon worth $80 per ton on the ground; three years ago on the same place he got nearly 400 tons. A short distance below are the "Miller's" sands, a strip of tide land about three miles in length, and nearly opposite are the "Middle" sands, all tide lands and valuable for salmon fishing."


Source:    A.B. Little, Surveyor, St. Helens, Oregon, 1882, "Tide Lands", IN: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Convention of the Iowa Society of Civil Engineers and Surveyors, held at Burlington, Iowa, December 29 and 30, 1891, published by the Daily Republican Printing and Binding House, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.


Views ...

Image, 2013, Miller Sands, Washington, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
Altoona, Washington, with brushy area of Miller Sands visible on the right. Image taken October 15, 2013.
Image, 2013, Miller Sands, Washington, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
Miller Sands (brushy area in distance) as seen from west of Altoona, Washington. Image taken October 15, 2013.


Miller Sands, etc.

  • "Horse Seining" ...
  • Miller Sands Bird Research ...


"Horse Seining" ...
"In 1895, R.D. Hume refined the technique by using horses to haul the seines. At the time, eighty-four seines were in use on the Columbia. The number increased to one hundred in the late 1920s. During their peak in the 1930s, seines took about 15 percent of the Columbia River salmon catch. A horse seine crew could employ from two to forty people and use up to seven teams of horses. ...

Seine-caught salmon were cheaper for the canneries than fish caught using other methods, and most seining sites were owned or leased by the salmon-canning companies. Seines operated from sunup to sunset, with catches usually best near daybreak; afternoon was the poorest time. On the Columbia River, seining took place on beaches and islands, where seine sites were named (for example, Sand Island and Desdemona Sands). ...

In 1948, horse and hand seines were outlawed by initiative petition in Oregon. The seines had been outlawed in Washington in 1934 because of corporate competition with independent fishing families."


Source:    Courtland L. Smith, "Seine Fishing", online at The Oregon Encyclopedia, accessed 2013.


"Many shallow areas between Puget Island and Astoria had horse seining operations dating back to the 1860's. Some of the sand bars had horse barns, canneries and cookhouses built on pilings, to avoid high tides. West Sand Island had four or five canning or seining companies operating there, and horses were grazed on the island. This activity peaked in 1926 and was banned in Washington in 1935."


Source:    Christy and Putera, 1993, Oregon State University Archives website, 2006.

[More Columbia River Fishing]

Penny Postcard, Horse Seining Columbia River, Oregon
Click image to enlarge
Penny Postcard: Seining for salmon, Columbia River.
Penny Postcard, Sepia, Undivided Back (1901-1907), "Seining for Salmon, Columbia River". Postmarked 1906. K.A. Vincent, Ilwaco and Long Beach, Wash. In the private collection of Lyn Topinka.
Penny Postcard, Horse Seining Columbia River, Oregon
Click image to enlarge
Penny Postcard: Seining for salmon, Columbia River.
Penny Postcard, Divided Back (1907-1915), "Seining for Salmon, Columbia River, Oregon. On line of O.R. & N. Co.". Made in Germany. Card No.602. In the private collection of Lyn Topinka.


Miller Sands Spit Bird Research ...

"Miller Sands, an island complex in the upper Columbia River estuary, up-stream from the City of Astoria (OR), is largely derived from dredged material. Three distinct habitat types are recognized: a large vegetated upland island formed prior to 1940; an elongated barren sand spit formed primarily since 1970; and a protected cove between the island and the spit. Currently, over 100 pairs of glaucous-winged/western gulls nest at the western tip of Miller Sands Spit. Several hundred pairs of ring-billed gulls formerly nested on Miller Sands Spit, but this species has not nested on the island in recent years. The first documented nesting by Caspian terns on Miller Sands Spit occurred in 1998 (17 breeding pairs), following efforts to attract terns to nest there using decoys and sound systems; Caspian tern attraction efforts were discontinued in 1999 and terns have not nested at the site since. Experimental attempts to attract double-crested cormorants to nest on Miller Sands Spit resulted in formation of a small cormorant nesting colony at the western tip of Miller Sands Spit during 2005-2007; about 90 breeding pairs successfully nested at the site in 2007. These social attraction experiments were completed in 2007 and cormroants have not nested at this site since."


Source:    "Bird Research Northwest" website, 2019.



"The Golden Age of Postcards" ...

The early 1900s was the "Golden Age of Postcards", with the "Penny Postcard" being a popular way to send greetings to family and friends. Today the Penny Postcard has become a snapshot of history.


From the Journals of Lewis and Clark ...

Clark, November 8, 1805 ...




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*River Miles [RM] are approximate, in statute miles, and were determined from USGS topo maps, obtained from NOAA nautical charts, or obtained from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers website, 2003

Sources:   
  • "Bird Research Northwest" website, 2019, "Miller Sand Spit", Oregon State University and the USGS-Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit;
  • Christy and Putera, 1993, Oregon State University Archives website, 2006;
  • Little, A.B., Surveyor, St. Helens, Oregon, 1882, "Tide Lands", IN: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Convention of the Iowa Society of Civil Engineers and Surveyors, held at Burlington, Iowa, December 29 and 30, 1891, published by the Daily Republican Printing and Binding House, Cedar Rapids, Iowa;
  • U.S. Geological Survey's Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) database, 2019;


All Lewis and Clark quotations from Gary Moulton editions of the Lewis and Clark Journals, University of Nebraska Press, all attempts have been made to type the quotations exactly as in the Moulton editions, however typing errors introduced by this web author cannot be ruled out; location interpretation from variety of sources, including this website author.
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April 2019