Lewis and Clark's Columbia River
Lewis & Clark's Columbia River - "200 Years Later"
"Bradford Island, Cascade Island, and Robins Island"
Includes ... Bradford Island ... Robins Island ... Cascade Island ... "Brant Island" ... Bradford Brothers ...
Image, 2008, Bradford Island, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
Bradford Island, with paddleboat, as seen from the mouth of Eagle Creek. Image taken August 23, 2008.


Three Islands ...
The Bonneville Dam is a hydroelectric dam completed in 1938 and located on the Columbia River at River Mile (RM) 146. The dam complex is built across three islands - Bradford, Robins, and Cascade.

When dam construction began the Columbia River was split only by Bradford Island. As the dam went in the Spillway Dam was built between the Washington shore and the north side of Bradford Island; the powerhouse was built between the south side of Bradford Island and the north side of a newly created island named "Robins Island"; and the locks were built on the south side of Robins Island and the Oregon shore.

In 1982 a second powerhouse, called the "North Powerhouse", was built. The Columbia River was re-routed and Cascade Island was created, with the North Powerhouse being built between the north side of Cascade Island and the Washington shore. The Spillway Dam was now anchored on the south shore of Cascade Island.


Early Maps ...

Cadastral Survey, 1860, Bradford's Island, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
1860, Cadastral Survey map detail (tax survey) for T2N R7E, showing "Brandford's Island". Original Cadastral Map courtesy U.S. Bureau of Land Management's General Land Office (GLO) Records Database, 2013.
Topo Map, 1911, Columbia River at Bonneville, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
1911, Topographic map detail, Columbia River at Bonneville, before construction of the Bonneville Dam. Original 1:125,000 "Mount Hood" Topographic Map courtesy University of Washington Libraries, 2010.


Bradford, Robins, and Cascade Islands

  • Bradford Island ...
  • Robins Island ...
  • Cascade Island ...
  • The Bradford Brothers ...


Bradford Island ...
Lewis and Clark called the Bradford Island "Brant Island", although Patrick Gass erroneously called the island "Strawberry Island" in his journal, an error which was perpetuated by many subsequent writers. Just downstream of Bradford Island is Hamilton Island, the true "Strawberry Island" of Lewis and Clark. On April 9, 1806, Lewis and Clark camped near Tanner Creek, on the Oregon shore opposite Bradford Island. A good view of the downstream end of Bradford Island can be had from the shore of Hamilton Island, and a a good view of the upstream end of Bradford Island can be had from the mouth of Eagle Creek on the Oregon side.

Image, 2004, Bradford Island
Click image to enlarge
Bradford Island. Bradford Island is one of three islands crossed by the Bonneville Dam. Greenleaf Peak is in the background. Image taken October 27, 2004.
Image, 2004, Bradford Island, from Hamilton Island, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
Bradford Island, downstream tip, as seen from Hamilton Island. Image taken August 1, 2004.
Image, 2010, Bradford Island as seen from mouth of Eagle Creek, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
Bradford Island as seen from the mouth of Eagle Creek, Oregon. The high point of Bradford Island use to be called "Bonny Rock" locally. The South (original) Powerhouse can be seen on the left and the Spillway Dam can be seen on the right. Image taken October 18, 2010.

"... passed a rapid at 2 miles & 1 at 4 miles opposite the lower point of a high Island on the Lard Side ..." [Clark, November 2, 1805]


Robins Island ...
Robins Island was built during the initial construction of the Bonneville Dam, and was named after the chief engineer in charge of the construction, Colonel Thomas M. Robins. Robins Island is located slightly downstream of Bradford and Cascade Islands at Columbia River Mile (RM) 145. The U.S. Board of Geographic Names made the name "Robins Island" official in 1974. The first powerhouse lies on the north side of Robins Island. The original Bonneville Locks lie on the north side of Robins Island while the new Bonneville Locks lie on the south side.

Image, 2005, Bonneville Locks from Hamilton Island, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
New Bonneville Locks, downstream end, as seen from Hamilton Island. Robins Island is on the left and the Oregon side of the Columbia River is on the right. Image taken June 29, 2005.
Image, 2014, Bonneville Locks from Hamilton Island, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
Robins Island (left) and the western end of the Bonneville Locks. Image taken April 13, 2014.
Image, 2014, Bonneville Locks from Hamilton Island, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
Sign, Robins Island Recreation Area, Bonneville Dam, Oregon. Image taken April 13, 2014.


Cascade Island ...
Cascade Island was built during constrution of the second powerhouse, now known as the "North Powerhouse". The North Powerhouse lies on Cascade Island north shore and the original Spillway Dam lies on the islands south shore.

Image, 2005, Looking downstream from Bonneville Dam, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
Looking downstream from Bonneville Dam's North Powerhouse. View from the North Powerhouse, Bonneville Dam, towards Cascade Island. Beacon Rock is in the distance. Image taken June 19, 2005.
Image, 2010, Bonneville Dam from upstream, Washington side, click to enlarge
Click image to enlarge
Bonneville Dam as seen from upstream, Washington side. View of the South Powerhouse (left), Spillway Dam (middle), Cascade Island (middle) and North Powerhouse (right). Image taken November 2, 2010.


The Bradford Brothers ...
Bradford Island was named after two brothers, Daniel and Putnam Bradford, who were prominent settlers, merchants, and entrepeneurs in the area. They also owned a mill on their Donation Land Claim (DLC) near Ashes Lake.
"... By 1852 a considerable community had developed on the north side of the Columbia River, just a mile or so west of what is now the town of Stevenson. Its existence came about largely because of its proximity to the upper end of unnavigable water at the Cascades rapids. At this point, all travel continued by portage for some four miles around the Cascades on the north (Washington) side of the river, either by a tramway that had been recently constructed or, more commonly, by wagon road. According to Origen Thomson, in 1852 the community consisted "of three houses, in which are two stores and one dwelling; one of the houses is two stories high. In the upper story is a boarding house, and below a store." Daniel and Putnam Bradford (brothers) owned the general store. The mill where Willis obtained lumber for his brother's coffin, also owned by the Bradfords, stood a short distance down the wagon road from the graveyard. None of these structures exists today. ..." [Washington State Historical Society website, 2006]

In 1856 during the Indian uprising the townfolks of Cascades took shelter in the Bradford's store.

"... The Indians attacked on the morning of March 26th, but failed to trap the two steamers Mary and Wasco above the rapids. However, the attackers managed to wound several of the crew and to kill other settlers in the area. Some settlers fled to the safety of a blockhouse near Fort Rains, on the Middle Cascades. Others took shelter in a sturdy, two-story store at the Upper Cascades, owned by brothers Daniel and Putnam F. Bradford. Settlers below the landing fled downriver in boats. By late in the day, some 40 men, women, and children were huddled in the Bradford store. As they watched, the Indians burned a sawmill and lumberyard owned by the Bradfords, along with several houses and a warehouse under construction. The Indians threw firebrands onto the roof of the store in an effort to burn it as well, but the refuges managed to douse the flames. ..." ["historylink.org" website, 2006, written by David Wilma]

The skirmish was over upon the arrival of Lieutenant Phil Sheridan and Lieutenant-Colonel Steptoe and the troups.

The Bradfords were also steamboat operators on the Columbia River and operated the portage road from the Lower Cascades on Hamilton Island to the Upper Cascades near Ashes Lake. In History Of The Pacific Northwest Oregon and Washington, published in 1889:

"... Daniel F. Bradford, and Putnam his brother, late in the fall of 1855, commenced the construction of a tramway between the Upper and Lower Cascades, five miles in length, which was well-nigh completed in the early spring of 1856. ..."

The 1860 Washington Territory cadastral survey map (tax survey) for T2N R7E, shows "Bradford's Railroad" which followed the Washington shoreline. It's eastern end was at the location of today's Ashes Lake (just upstream of "U.S. Garrison", known today as Fort Lugenbeel) and the western end was just upstream of the location of today's Fort Rains Fort Rains was not shown on map.

The 1850 Federal Census for the Clark County, Oregon Territory (today parts of Clark County and Cowlitz County) listed a "D. Bradford, age 30, from New York", and a "P. Bradford, age 25, from New York", plus a soldier "Wm. S. Bradford, age 36, from New Hampshire. The 1860 Federal Census for Skamania County listed Danl. F. Bradford, age 42, occupation: "Merchant", from Massachusetts, Chloe Bradford, age 35, from Massachusetts, A.G. Bradford, age 36, occupation: "Merchant", from Massachusetts, B.F. Bradford, age 33, occupation: "Merchant", from Massachusetts, Hellen Bradford, age 25, from Illinois, and P.F. Bradford, age 4, from Oregon. There was also a listing for James Bradford, age 24, from New York, who was a Private at the "Garrison". The 1870 Federal Census for Skamania County listed no Bradfords.

Bureau of Land Management Records show a Donation Land Claim (DLC) of 639.781 acres on February 5, 1862, for Daniel F. and Chloe H. Bradford, in T2N R7E, Skamania County.



From the Journals of Lewis and Clark ...

Clark, October 31, 1805 ...





Clark, November 2, 1805 ...





Lewis, April 9, 1806 ...




Columbia River GorgeReturn to
Menu
 






*River Miles [RM] are approximate, in statute miles, and were determined from USGS topo maps, obtained from NOAA nautical charts, or obtained from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers website, 2003

Sources:
  • "HistoryLink.org" website, 2006, "The Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History";
  • McArthur, L.A., and McArthur, L.L., 2003, Oregon Geographic Names, Oregon Historical Society Press, Portland;
  • Oregon Bureau of Land Management website, 2005;
  • Skamania County Chamber of Commerce website, 2006;
  • U.S. Bureau of Land Management's General Land Office (GLO) Records database, 2013;
  • U.S. GenWeb website, 2006;
  • U.S.G.S. Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) database, 2006;
  • Washington State Historical Society website, 2006;


All Lewis and Clark quotations from Gary Moulton editions of the Lewis and Clark Journals, University of Nebraska Press, all attempts have been made to type the quotations exactly as in the Moulton editions, however typing errors introduced by this web author cannot be ruled out; location interpretation from variety of sources, including this website author.
/Regions/Places/bradford_island.html
November 2018